PATHA

PATHA

Botanical Name— Cissampelos pariera Linn. (North India)

Cyclea peltata (south India )

Family- MENISPERMACEAE 

Cissampelos pariera

Names in different language

Hindi- Padhi, Padha; Telugu- Chiruboddi;
Kannada. Padavali; Tamil-Appatta; Malayalam. Kattuvalli; Gujarati- Venivel; Bengali-Akanadi; Marathj- Padavela

Synonyms— Ambasthã, Pãpacelika, Präcinã, Varatiktã, Aviddha karni, Piluphalã, Kucelikã, Ekãsthilã.

Classification according to Caraka, Susruta & Vagbhata

Caraka -Sandhãniya, Jvarahara, Stanyaödhana

Susruta - Mustãdi, Aragvadhadi, Pippalyadi, Ambasthadi, Brhatyadi, Patolädi

Vägbhata - Mustadi, Aragvadhadi, Ambasthdi, Patolädi, Vatsakãdi,

Introduction—

It is one of the best brain tonic used in Ayurveda along with other drugs. In the Vedic literature Pãthã is described as ‘Pãtã’

Cissampelos pariera

Varieties & adulterants  - (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants) 

1. Cyclea peltata  - [AD]

2. C. burmani - [AD]

3. Stemphania hernandifolia - [AD]

4. Rivea hypocrateriformins - [AD]

 5. R. ornata. - [AD]

6. Raja patha - Cyclea peltata

7.  laghu patha -  Cissampelos pariera

Morphology

C. pareira- It is a climbing shrub; branches pubescent.

Leaves- peltate, 3.8-10 cm diameter.

Flowers- minute, yellowish. Male flowers in axillary cymes, peduncle 18mm long. Sepals 4, hairy, obovate- oblong. Petals combined into a cyathiform corolla, half the length of the sepals. Filaments longer than Corolla. Female flowers in elongate, solitary or twin, axillary racemes; pedicles very short; bracts foliaceous or nearly sessile, orbicular or reniform. Sepal 1, ovate-oblong. Petal 1, sub rotund.

Fruit drupe, subglobose, hairy, red, endocarp transversely ridged. Distribution- Found throughout tropical & subtropical India.

C. peltata- It is a climber, Leaves- peltate, hairy,

Flowers- very small. Male flowers in panicles, very long.

Fruit- drupe. reniform.

Note— The species of this plant are easily distinguished by the cup-shaped calyx and corolla. Cissampelos has the corolla alone cup-shaped.

Distribution & Habitat

All over India

chemical constituents

 C. pariera- Hayatin (dl-becberine), hayatinin, menismine, cissamine, pareirine, cycleanine,bebeerine, hayatidin, (+) quercitol etc.

C. peltata- Fangchinoline, cycleapeltine, cycleadrine,cycleacurine, cycleanorine, cycleahomine chloride, chondocurine, magnoflorine,isotetradrine, perpamine, cycleamine, burmannaline etc.

Cissampelos pariera

Properties—

Rasa-Tikta

Virya-Usna

Vipäka-Katu

Guna.-Laghu, Tiksna

Karma-Vata-Kaphahara, Visaghna, Grãhi, Balya

Cissampelos pariera

External uses Being wound healer. antidote and Kushthaghna, paste of leaves and root is used in purities, skin disorders and snake poison. Juice or powdered roots are used as a nasya.

Internal uses

Digestive system : Being an appetizer, digestive, laxative, astringent and anthelmintic, it is useful in anorexia. indigestion, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and dysentery.

Circulatory system : It is a blood purifier and has anti-inflammatory properly, so it is used in blood disorders, heart disorders and inflammation.
Respiratory system Being an expectorant, is is used in cough and dyspnoea.

Reproductive system Since it purifies breast milk it is used in various disorders ot breast milk secretion.

Urinary system :  diuretic, hence useful in  dysuria and haematuria.

Skin : Kushthaghna, Useful in skin disorders.

Temperature : Being febrifuge and refrigerant, it is used in jwara. fever related diarrhoea and burning disorders.

Satmikaran : Antidote and tonic - bitter tonic.
Excretion : This drug is excreted through urine.

 Srotogamitva

Dosha Alleviates vata, kapha. alleviates all three doshas.
Dhatu : Rasa, rakta, stanyagami.
Mala : Purisha (astringent), mutsamargagami (excretion through urine)

Part Used—

Root

Dosage— Powder 2-3g; decoction 50-lOOml.

Indications.- Atisãra, Chardi, süla, Jvara, Kustha, Kandü, Krmi, Hrdroa, Gulma, Yöni röga.

Important Yogas or Formations

Pusyanuga curna,saddharana yoga.

Therapeutic Uses—

(1) ArthaVabhedaka - Root juice of Pãtha shall be used as Naya (G.N.)
(2) Lavanameha— Decoction of Pãthã and Aguru is useful (S.S.Ci. 11)
(3) Arsas— Pãthã is taken with butter-milk (A.H.Ci.8)